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Polyether Polyol Vs Polyester PolyolPolyether Polyol Vs Polyester Polyol

  Polyester polyol , which are organic substances, are usually formed by condensation (or transesterification) of an organic dicarboxylic acid (anhydride or ester) with a polyol (including a diol) or by polymerization of a lactone with a polyol. The dibasic acid is phthalic acid or phthalic anhydride or an ester thereof, adipic acid, halogenated phthalic acid or the like. The polyhydric alcohol is ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, diethylene glycol, trimethylolpropane, pentaerythritol or the like. Different types of polyester polyols have different properties due to different types or different preparation processes. Several indicators that are important for polyester polyols are hydroxyl number, acid value, moisture, viscosity, molecular weight, density, and color. Characteristics and uses of polyether polyol products : Polyester-based polyurethane contains a large number of polar groups such as ester groups and amino groups in the molecule, and has strong cohesive strength and a...
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Polyether Polyol Manufacturing ProcessPolyether Polyol Manufacturing Process

  Synthesis of DMC-based polyether polyol by a continuous method   A certain amount of DMC catalyst is taken and uniformly dispersed in a certain amount of small molecule initiator. Add 0.5 kg of the mixture of the initiator in the small test reactor. The vacuum was replaced 1-2 times with N2, and the N2 pressure was maintained at 0.1 MPa. After heating, stirring and raising the temperature to a certain temperature, the quantitative PO was introduced into the continuous autoclave with nitrogen gas for induction. When the induction is successful (the temperature in the kettle rises and the pressure drops), the PO is continuously passed to carry out the reaction. Open the outer loop and continue to pass the PO into the continuous kettle.   When the liquid in the reaction vessel is full, the PO, DMC catalyst and the initiator are continuously added to the kettle at a certain ratio and a certain speed through the power system. Continuous discharge is started when a certain pr...
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How Is Ethyl Bromide Prepared From Ethyl Alcohol 2How Is Ethyl Bromide Prepared From Ethyl Alcohol 2

  1. Preparation of Ethyl Bromide   from ethyl alcohol and hydrobromic acid Start with a 1-liter double neck round bottom flask with a drop funnel and wide bend. The bend is connected to a long and efficient condenser assembly and receiver for downward distillation. First, place 281ml (or 415 g) 48% hydrobromic acid in a flask, then add 65ml (or 120 g) of concentrated sulfuric acid in batches, while shaking. As it cools, a small quantity of 145ml (or 100 g) 95% ethanol is slowly added to the mixture of sulfuric acid and hydrobromic acid. Then 109ml (or 200g) of concentrated sulfuric acid is slowly added to the drop funnel, and the ethyl bromine obtained by slow distillation is collected in the cold receiver flask. The crude ethyl bromine was washed with equal volume of concentrated hydrochloric acid, then washed with water and a small amount of 5% sodium bicarbonate solution, then washed with water, and finally dried the ethyl bromine with anhydrous calcium chloride. The crude...
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The Application of Glycolic Acid in the Cosmetics IndustryThe Application of Glycolic Acid in the Cosmetics Industry

  In the salon, the beautician first cleans and rinses the skin area to be treated, and then applies the glycolic acid solution or gel with fingertips or cotton tips or brushes. When treating the face, leave the solution / gel in place for 5-10 minutes, then rinse off with gauze dipped in cold water. Occasionally, use the solution / gel a second time and leave it in place for 5-10 minutes before rinsing. Hand, foot and other body parts are treated similarly.   According to industry sources, products applied to body parts other than the face are usually washed off after about 15 minutes. The end of the treatment is to apply moisturizing cream, which usually contains a sun protection factor (SPF) of 15. A typical course of treatment includes 6-10 peels over 4-6 weeks.   When using at home, lotions, gels, lotions and creams are applied once or twice daily with fingertips or small cotton balls. Scrubs, that is, lotions or creams containing polished particles, rub the skin wit...
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Difference Between Sulfate And Sulfonate In Shampoo

  Sulfates and sulfonates have two things in common. First, they're all anionic surfactants. Second, they are often used for personal care applications. But there are many differences. They have different molecular mechanisms. They have different functions and they have different raw materials.   Sulfates Sulfate is a compound. It has carbon bonds and oxygen and sulfur bonds. They include substances such as sodium lauryl sulfate and sodium lauryl ether sulfate.   At low pH, these substances plus the c-o-s bond hydrolyze to produce alcohol and inorganic sulfate. At a high pH, sulfate is stable in the base and, if ethoxylated to a relatively high level, produces a low-foaming alkali-soluble surfactant. Sulphates can be prepared by reaction of fatty alcohol or fatty alcohol ethoxylates with reagents such as SO3 or chlorosulfonic acid (CSA).   The reason shampoo becomes thick foam in the shower is that it contains sulfate. Most shampoos and household cleansers contain su...
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Difference Between Sodium Laureth Sulfate And Sodium Lauryl Sulfate

  Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SLS) and sodium lauryl sulfate surfactant  (SLES) are surfactants that play a role in foaming products. It is widely believed that the foam produced by a product is its performance.   The composition of SLS and SLES reduces the surface tension of water. They can also be used as dispersants to properly mix spices and body spray. SLS and SLES can also be used in a variety of personal care products such as soap, shampoo, shower gel, toothpaste and other foaming products. SLS and SLES are also added to moisturizing lotions and sunscreens because of these properties.   The difference between SLS and SLES is in the manufacturing process. SLS undergo a process called ethoxylation. And then you get SLES. Why do we have this ethoxylation process? Because SLS has some mild irritation on the skin, such as dry. The manufactured SLES are more gentle and do not irritate the skin.   Many manufacturers do not use SLS because it is irritating. SLES shou...
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What is The Difference Between Ionic And Nonionic Surfactants?

  Nonionic surfactant that does not generate ions in aqueous solution. Its dissolution in water is due to its strong affinity for water.   Ionic vs Non-ionic Compared with anionic surfactants, nonionic surfactant products  have a higher emulsifying ability and a certain resistance to hard water. It is an indispensable ingredient in detergent and emulsifier formulations. Of course, compared with anionic surfactants, non-ionic surfactants also have the disadvantages of limited cloud point, poor alkali resistance, and high price.   What does non-ionic surfactant mean ? Non-ionic surfactants are mostly liquid and slurry, and their solubility in water decreases with increasing temperature. Non-ionic surfactants have various properties such as washing, dispersing, emulsifying, wetting, adding liquid, uniform dyeing, antiseptic, protective colloid, and so on. Widely used in textiles, paper, food, plastic, leather, fur, glass, petroleum, chemical fiber, medicine, pesticide, ...
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